corresp
October 2, 2007
Via facsimile (202) 772-9208
Mr. Timothy A. Geishecker
Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporate Finance
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington D.C., 20549
Re: Comment Letter dated August 21, 2007 relating to Definitive 14A filed March 21, 2007 (the
Proxy Statement) of Waste Management, Inc. (the Company), File No. 001-12154
Dear Mr. Geishecker:
In connection with your review of the Companys Proxy Statement, we submit the following
response to the comments included in your letter of August 21, 2007. The response below includes
the original comments from your letter, in italics, followed by our responses. Please note there
is some overlap in our responses to your comments and therefore, we respectfully request that you
consider our responses in the aggregate; our revisions to our future filings will comprehensively
comply with and answer all of the requested revisions and questions.
We understand that you will be reviewing our response and may have additional comments. We
welcome any questions you may have and thank you for the attention devoted to our filing. Please
feel free to call us at the telephone number listed at the end of this letter.
Director Nominees, page 2
1. You discuss on page 3 that your board of directors considered certain transactions and
affiliations involving your independent directors that it concluded did not impair your directors
independence. Please provide greater detail so as to fully describe the nature of the transactions
and arrangements. Please see Instruction 3 to Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K.
On page 3 of the Proxy Statement, the Company stated [t]hese transactions included the
Company, through its subsidiaries, providing waste management services in the ordinary course of
business and the Company and its subsidiaries purchasing goods and services in the ordinary course
of business. The Company has a national presence and an extremely large customer base. As
disclosed in the biographies of the members of our Board of Directors on pages 3-4 of the Proxy
Statement, our directors serve on the boards and as executive officers of companies that also have
large presences with very large customer bases. As a result, it should be expected that these
companies would, in the ordinary course of their businesses, perform and purchase services and buy
and sell products from one another.
Mr. Timothy Geishecker
Securities and Exchange Commission
October 2, 2007
Page 2 of 8
All of the transactions that the Company considered pursuant to Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K
involve the provision and purchase of goods and services that are provided and purchased by these
companies in their ordinary, day-to-day operations. The Company reviewed the transactions to
ensure that none of them are material or significant in nature, including a review of the dollar
amounts of the transactions. The Companys categorical standards and NYSE rules contain certain
dollar amount thresholds for transactions involving a director who serves as an officer of another
company with which the Company does business; the dollar amounts of all of the transactions
considered fell well below such threshold amounts.
Competitive Market, page 14
2. You indicate in this section that each element of compensation should be targeted near the
median of the range for executives in similar positions with similar responsibilities at these
comparable companies. Please revise to disclose percentiles of your peer group represented by
actual compensation paid for 2006.
We believe that compensation generally should be targeted near the median range of
compensation for executives in similar positions with similar responsibilities at comparable
companies. However, the compensation we pay to our named executive officers is at times above or
below such median ranges for several reasons. First, data used for benchmarking and comparison
purposes is dated because companies report this information on an historical basis. Additionally,
because of different compensation plan designs, the data is not always directly comparable.
Therefore, the Companys compensation consultant makes certain adjustments and assumptions in its
valuation of the elements of compensation used for our comparisons, but we do not believe this is
an exact science. Additionally, the Company does not believe it is appropriate to simply match
the compensation of executives at comparable companies. Instead, consideration is given to the
competitive market, each individuals level of experience, specific business needs and the purpose
of each element of compensation and decisions are made accordingly. The table below shows the
percentiles of competitive data each element of our named executive officers 2006 compensation
represent.
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Named Executive Officer1 |
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Comparator Group Percentiles of Elements of Compensation |
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Base Salary |
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Bonus |
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LTIP Award Targets |
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Target |
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Actual |
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David P. Steiner |
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31st |
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18th |
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46th |
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19th |
Lawrence ODonnell, III |
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53rd |
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38th |
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100th |
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26th |
Robert G. Simpson |
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34th |
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29th |
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51st |
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50th |
James E. Trevathan |
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46th |
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64th |
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86th |
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20th |
Duane C. Woods |
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46th |
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66th |
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67th |
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23rd |
A discussion of the analyses used to determine these levels of compensation is provided
in response to comment 3, below. The Company confirms that it will include information regarding
the percentiles of each element of compensation in future filings.
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1 |
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Mr. Damico, who was a named executive officer
in the Proxy Statement in 2006, has been omitted from the responses included in
this letter. Mr. Damico left the Company mid-2006 and was named in the 2006
Proxy Statement pursuant to Item 402(a)(3)(iv) of Regulation S-K. The Company
confirms that appropriate discussion and disclosure will be made for each named
executive officer in its future filings. |
Mr. Timothy Geishecker
Securities and Exchange Commission
October 2, 2007
Page 3 of 8
Elements of Compensation, page 15
3. The emphasis of your Compensation Discussion and Analysis should be an analysis of the elements
and levels of compensation paid to the named executive officers. Your disclosure lacks sufficient
quantitative or qualitative discussion of the analyses underlying the decisions to make
compensation awards. For your Compensation Discussion and Analysis, please revise to explain and
place in context why you chose to pay each element and why determinations with respect to one
element may or may not have influenced the Committees decisions with respect to other allocated or
contemplated awards. Please refer to Item 402(b)(1)(vi) and (vi) of Regulation S-K.
As disclosed in the Proxy Statement, the specific analyses for each element of compensation
for our executive officers included the following:
Base salary Base salaries for named executive officers are targeted at the median range of
competitive data to ensure we are able to both attract and retain qualified, talented individuals.
However, because level of experience is one of the factors we look at in determining appropriate
base salary, we have situations where the salary paid to a named executive may be lower than the
targeted range. The base salaries of both Mr. Steiner and Mr. Simpson in 2006 were set below the
targeted range because they received substantial increases when they moved into their current roles
and the Management Development and Compensation Committee (the Compensation Committee) plans to
take incremental steps to adjust their compensation toward the target. Additionally, given the
specific needs of the business at any given time, there may be a situation where the negotiations
surrounding the hiring or promotion of an individual results in a base salary that is higher than
the generally targeted median range, although this was not the case for any of our named executive
officers in 2006.
Base salaries are used to provide a fixed amount of compensation for executives regular work.
In the total mix of compensation paid to executives, we believe the proportion of fixed salary
should be lower than that tied directly to Company performance in the total reward opportunity.
This is the guiding factor used in determining the different levels of the different elements of
compensation for our named executive officers. However, the design of our compensation programs is
such that annual bonuses are a percentage of base salary. Therefore, named executives with lower
than median base salaries will generally have a lower than median target bonus (although, even with
lower than median targets, the design of the bonus plan can result in higher than median payouts,
as described below). Additionally, the design of our programs is such that exceeding performance
goals for annual bonuses and long-term incentives generally means that a named executive has
performed extraordinarily well, and that fact may be considered in awarding annual merit increases.
Annual bonus Target bonuses are a percentage of executive officers base salaries. The target
bonuses of each of our named executive officers fell into the median range of our comparator
groups executives target bonuses except for Mr. Steiner and Mr. Simpsons. The lower
percentiles that their target bonuses represent are a function of their lower salaries, as
discussed above. However, the Compensation Committee believes that the percentages of salary that
their target bonuses represent, 115% for Mr. Steiner and 85% for Mr. Simpson, are appropriate and
as their base salaries are increased, the value of their target bonuses should become more
comparable to their peers.
Mr. Timothy Geishecker
Securities and Exchange Commission
October 2, 2007
Page 4 of 8
Annual bonuses are meant to provide reward opportunities for short-term performance and
achievement of financial and operational results. The performance goals that must be met in order
to earn a bonus are specifically designed to reward our named executive officers at the target
percentage of base salary to the extent the Company and the executive perform at a challenging, but
reasonable, level. This ensures competitive pay for an acceptable job. The performance goals are
further designed to enable our named executive officers to exceed (or fall short of) the
compensation paid to executives in the comparator group depending on performance. The goals are
set annually by the Compensation Committee upon consideration of the Companys recent historical
performance; business trends; Company strategic initiatives; Company budget information; Company
forecasts; and opportunities for improved performance.
Actual payout of the bonuses can range from 0 200% of target (0 230% of salary)
depending on performance and achievement of the goals that have been set. In 2006, actual bonuses
paid to the named executive officers ranged from 143 169% of target (121 194% of salary)
based on achievement of performance goals that exceeded expectations. The higher than target
payout of bonuses in 2006 does not affect the Compensation Committees analyses regarding long-term
incentive awards although, as discussed above, it is considered in determining annual merit
increases.
Long-term incentives The Company currently grants executives performance share units and
restricted stock units under the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan. Long-term, equity-based incentives are
granted to executives to incentivize executives performance and align executives long-term
interests with those of our stockholders. PSUs were chosen as one of the forms of long-term equity
awards because they could be designed to deliver value based on (i) a specific performance measure,
which in the Companys case is return on invested capital, and (ii) Company stock price. RSUs were
chosen for their retention value and alignment with stockholders since their ultimate value is the
Companys stock price.
In determining the number of PSUs and RSUs awarded to the named executive officers, the
Compensation Committee looked at the cash value of the comparison groups long-term incentives for
executives in similar roles. The value of the long-term incentives granted to the named executive
officers in 2006 in most cases fell below the median range, as shown in response to comment 2.
However, the Compensation Committee believes the value of the target awards granted are
appropriate. The design of the PSUs, which represent 75% of the total long-term incentive awards,
allows a substantial upside potential if the Company exceeds ROIC goals and the market value of its
stock price increases; like our bonuses, for which targeted values were greatly exceeded by actual
payout based on performance in 2006, our long-term incentives give our named executive officers the
potential to earn well in excess of the target value. Given this upside potential and the
proportional value of the long-term incentives to total compensation, the Compensation Committee
believes the target values are appropriate to meet our compensation plans objectives of paying for
performance and providing incentives for our named executives.
Because the design of the long-term incentives is to incentivize and reward performance,
actually exceeding or falling short of the targeted value at payout does not affect the
Compensation Committees analyses in determining other elements of compensation or compensation in
future periods, although, as discussed above, such performance may influence merit increases.
Mr. Timothy Geishecker
Securities and Exchange Commission
October 2, 2007
Page 5 of 8
The Company confirms that it will revise its future filings to clarify the analyses made in
determining each element of compensation for its named executive officers.
4. Although you provide a description of how company performance affects annual compensation, we
note minimal analysis of the effect individual performance has on compensation awards. In this
regard, we also note disclosure of numerous percentages that attempt to place in context the target
awards for the executives; however it is unclear what these target goals are from your disclosure.
Please expand your disclosure to provide additional detail and analysis of how individual
performance contributed to actual 2006 compensation for the named executive officers. For example,
disclose and discuss in greater detail the achievement of the financial and operational goals
within a named executive officers individual area of responsibility. See Item 402(b)(2)(vii) of
Regulation S-K.
Our named executive officers personal goals all are grouped into five general categories,
with the specific goals within each category related directly to the individuals job
responsibilities. The five categories for goals were all chosen based on the Companys long-term
strategies and its belief that focusing on these areas will lead to overall success of the
organization. The specific goals of each executive within each category are a reflection of how
the executive can contribute to the success of the Companys strategies represented by each
category. The five categories include:
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Operational |
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People/Organizational Development |
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Strategic Planning |
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Environmental |
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Financial |
The personal goals of the named executive officers within these categories range from the very
general to the very specific, and each named executive has several goals within most categories.
Mr. ODonnell, Mr. Trevathan and Mr. Woods goals are all tied to operational measures and goals
within the categories above, including such things as safety and customer service measures,
environmental stewardship and community relations. Mr. Steiner and Mr. Simpsons goals include
additional, corporate-level measures such as those related to information technology plans and
organic growth.
Personal goals are set prior to the beginning of the calendar year and performance against
those goals is assessed after the end of the year. There is no specific weighting of each goal that
will result in a formulaic outcome. The named executive officers supervisors review their goals
and the achievement of those goals, and recommendations are made to the Compensation Committee to
assist in its overall assessment of individual performance.
In 2006, the Compensation Committee determined that all of the named executive officers
delivered at least the expected amount of value and support to the organization by generally
meeting or exceeding most individual performance criteria, and therefore received at least 100% of
the personal performance piece of their target bonus. Mr. Steiner, Mr. ODonnell and Mr. Trevathan
each received 105% of the personal performance portion of their target bonuses because they were
each found to have exceeded the expectations of the Compensation Committee by delivering higher
than expected performance against the pre-determined criteria. The overall financial performance
of the Company in the case of Mr. Steiner and Mr. ODonnell and the financial performance of the
Eastern Group in the
Mr. Timothy Geishecker
Securities and Exchange Commission
October 2, 2007
Page 6 of 8
case of Mr. Trevathan were factors that resulted in their receiving in excess of full
individual performance payout.
The Company confirms that it will expand its disclosure in future filings to explain and
clarify the contribution of individual performance to actual compensation.
Summary Compensation Table, page 25
5. The Compensation Discussion and Analysis should be sufficiently precise to identify material
differences in compensation policies with respect to individual named executive officers. Please
refer to Section II.B.1. of Commission Release No. 33-8732A. In this regard, we note wide
disparities in compensation for Mr. Steiner regarding awards for stock and non-equity incentive
plan compensation as well as potential payments upon termination or change-in-control. Given this,
please provide a more detailed discussion of how and why Mr. Steiners compensation differs from
that of the other named executive officers. If policies or decisions relating to a named executive
officer are materially different than the other officers, this should be discussed on an
individualized basis.
The Companys executive compensation policies are the same for Mr. Steiner and all other
executives. The disparities noted arise from Mr. Steiners increased responsibilities in his role
as Chief Executive Officer; market competitive compensation for CEOs is higher than for the other
named executive officers.
The Company confirms that in future filings it will provide additional discussion of its
analyses underlying the decisions with respect to compensation awards, as described in response to
comment 3, above. The Company believes that such additional discussion will make clear to readers
that unless specifically noted, the same policies and decisions apply to all named executive
officers, and the disparities apparent in the Summary Compensation Table are a result of the
individual officers positions and levels of responsibility, not differences in policy or
individual decisions.
Director Compensation, page 32
6. Include a footnote describing all assumptions made in the valuation of the stock awards granted
to your directors by reference to a discussion of those assumptions in the footnotes to your
financial statements included in your annual report on Form 10-K. Refer to the instruction to Item
402(k).
The design of the directors stock awards is such that an amount of cash compensation is
determined, which is then divided by the fair market value of the Companys common stock on the
date the cash award would otherwise be payable to determine the number of awards to be issued. As
a result, there are no assumptions made in the valuation of the stock awards as there generally are
with other types of equity awards; the value is simply the cash dollar amount. Footnote 15,
Stock-Based Compensation, to the Companys Consolidated Financial Statements in the Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2006 states that [t]he number of shares the directors receive is
calculated on the date the cash compensation would have been payable, based on the fair market
value of our common stock on that day. The Company confirms that it will include a
cross-reference to the footnote in future filings and attempt to clarify the nature and calculation
of the awards in the future to avoid any confusion about their valuation.
Mr. Timothy Geishecker
Securities and Exchange Commission
October 2, 2007
Page 7 of 8
7. You state in footnote 2 on page 32 that you include an annual stock retainer of $80,000.
Either confirm that such value represents the grant date fair value computed in accordance with FAS
123R or disclose by footnote to the appropriate column the grant date fair value of each equity
award computed in accordance with FAS 123R. Refer to Instruction to Item 402(k)(2)(iii) and (iv).
As described above, in response to comment 6, the $80,000 represents the grant date fair value
computed in accordance with FAS 123R. The Company confirms that it will make this more explicit in
future filings.
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control, page 34
8. We note your discussion regarding payments and benefits pursuant to employment agreements and
the Executive Severance Policy. Please revise to disclose in your narrative how you determined the
appropriate payment and benefit levels under the various circumstances that trigger payments or
provision of benefits. Besides the employment agreement, please analyze how you arrived at and
determined such appropriate levels. Refer to 402(b)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.
The Companys payment obligations (including benefits provided) to executives upon termination
or change-in-control are contractually agreed to in the executives employment agreements. The
payments are a function of the executives base salary, target bonus and benefits received as of
the date of separation from the Company. The Company believes the payment obligations agreed to in
the employment agreements are all competitive as compared to the practices of other companies in
the Companys peer group. The Company maintains a severance policy applicable to employees
generally that provides for specific levels of severance payments and benefits provision in certain
circumstances such as reason for termination, length of service and position level. However, the
severance policy may be superceded by an individually negotiated contractual arrangement between
the Company and an employee. Each of our executive officers is party to such an arrangement by
virtue of his employment agreement. Therefore, the levels of severance payments to executives are
determined through negotiation with the executive at the time he joins the Company or is promoted;
provided, that any such severance payments may not violate the Companys Executive Severance Policy
and the levels of the payment obligations are generally consistent with competitive market
practice.
The Company confirms that it will include disclosure in its future filings regarding the
manner in which these severance benefits were determined.
The Company acknowledges that:
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the Company is responsible for the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosure in
the filing; |
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staff comments or changes to disclosure in response to comments do not
foreclose the Commission from taking any action with respect to the filing; and |
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the Company may not assert staff comments as a defense in any proceeding
initiated by the Commission or any person under the federal securities laws of the United
States. |
Mr. Timothy Geishecker
Securities and Exchange Commission
October 2, 2007
Page 8 of 8
Please feel free to call me at (713) 512-6367 if you have any questions about these matters.
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Very truly yours,
/s/ Amanda K. Maki
Amanda K. Maki
Corporate Counsel
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cc: |
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W. Robert Reum, Chairman Management Development and Compensation Committee
John C. Pope, Chairman
David P. Steiner, CEO
Rick L Wittenbraker, SVP & General Counsel
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